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Industrial sector

Paper and cardboard industry

The paper industry is a type of industry that has high water consumptionfor its production process. This is usedinproduction, refrigeration, transportation and other processes, which highlights the need to ensure and control the quality of process water to ensure the life of equipment and optimal production performance of the plant.

SERVYECO knows the regulations and the competitive needs of companies in the sector restrictions and offers customized solutions for the treatment of sewage, boilers, cooling circuits, osmosis ... in order to meet the needs of industry.

Metal mining

Metal mining includes industries where silver, gold, nickel, aluminum, copper, iron, and other metals are extracted.

Mining operations by intensive use of water resources need comprehensive control of water consumption. Within this context and with the aggravating circumstance that usually mining operations are located in arid places with little or no access to water resources, low cost, are the need to capture water from desalination plants or transport it from the end of the production line , with consequent added pretreatment.

Mining requires a design appropriate treatment of water in the extraction process, particular characteristics of the nature of mineral, water needs and demands of the operating environment in which it operates. Currently for the treatment of this water SERVYECO is an expert in water treatment mine copper, zinc and lead industry in combining technologies for the treatment of feed water and other waters whose pollution originates in the process production and runoff: remnants of plant operation, liquid fraction of the sludge generated in the conditioning and purification of waste.

Non-metallic mining

Non-metallic mining is responsible for the extraction of minerals such as talc, kaolin, sand, silica, lime, etc.

After the washing step any material two major problems arise. On the one hand the treatment of sludge generated in the washing and other water recovery for recirculation. The common solution is obtained by installing a sludge trap, with proper preparation and dosage of flocculants solution which gets efficiently separating solids from water.

Meat industry as slaughterhouses, cutting plants or processing of meat products is considered one of the most contaminants in the food sector. Meat sector is an important consumer of water as cleaner, cooling, heating treatment, ingredient, etc. That great consume implies higher wastewater volume production. Thus, inlet water is discharge as wastewater after its use, excluding when is added as ingredient for a product or when evaporates. In fact, wastewater generation is an environmental key questionin the meat sector mainly associated with laundering operations.

Milk industry

The most important environmental problem of dairy industry is the generation of wastewater, due to the volume generatedand the pollutant load associated, basically of organic character. Most of the water consumed in the production process finally becomes wastewater.

Dairies can produce pasteurized or sterilized milk and dairy products such as cream, butter, cheese, yogurt or milk powder among others. The manufacture of some of these products produces more polluting discharges that only with the production of drinking milk.

Thus, the type of products elaborated in the production plant determines the characteristics of the wastewater. The cheese manufacturing tends to have greater load due to the generation of whey with high COD and brines with high conductivity. The cleaning and disinfection operations are essential to ensure food hygiene. They are frequent and consume a large volume of water to produce high load discharges. Such operations are carried out after completion of production batches or at certain times of the day.

Washing and processing of fruits and vegetables

The sector of preserves vegetables and juices is characterized by work in most cases "by campaign". They take advantage of the availability of different raw materials throughout the year (tomato in August-September, asparagus in April-June, mushrooms in October -June, peach in July- September, etc.). There are different fruits and vegetables depends the different campaign. Thus, it is needed different manufacturing stages and, consequently, there is significant changes in water consume level, as in wastewater characteristics. So, it is one of the agri-food sectors with greater variability and seasonality of its wastewater.

Other food sectors (breweries, olive oil, sugar refineries, wine cellars, fish farms and frozen food, etc.)

Breweries

That kind of industry consumes a high volume of water, principally in cleaning equipment and facilities and packaging operations. The water is important because it is also incorporate in the product (95% of beer weight is water that is added during the elaboration process).

The brewing industry produces a great volume of wastewater, particularly in cleaning or packaging operations. The wastewater discharge can represent 65% to 80% of the total water consumed. This wastewater presents a high organic load and readily biodegradable, suspended solids and specific discharges of cleaning bottles with strongly alkaline pH.

Olive Oil

Olive oil production is performed in mills and his principal environmental problem is his wastewater. The olive oil obtaining process has three product or steps types: 1) Oil, 2) bones, flesh, skin, etc. (olive-kernel oil) and 3) wastewater. When mill obtains separately these products, it is called 3-phase technology. However, the most common is the two-phase technology, resulting in the olive-kernel oil and wastewater.

Sugar refineries

Water is used by sugar refineries in the processing of sugar beets, principally in transporting and cleaning processes. Water required for transport is about 500% - 800% of beet volume. The water for cleaning process represents 150% - 200%. It is clarified mechanically and is reused. So it is only necessary to add a 25% -30% of industrial water for the final rinse after washing beets. The rest is purified by physical-chemical treatments.

Wine cellars

Water is used for cooling and cleaning processes of equipment, deposits and facilities. In the cleaning processes is produced the largest amount of wastewater. They are produced during vinification, decanting, filtering wines, bottling, etc. In addition, raw materials and finished products are incorporated in discharge. Products used for rinsing, filtering and removing tartrates containers are also incorporated.

Fish farms and frozen food

Wastewater production is considered main environmental problem in most of production facilities of sea products. Wastewater is directly related with water used during processes, that is another relevant issue. The rest can be incorporated into the final product, lost by evaporation or leave the facility embedded in the solid matrix of waste and by-products generation.

Paints

In many different industries and wastewater loaded with paints, varnishes and / or ink occur:

Manufacturers of inks, printing, flexography
Industrial safety and textile printing
Manufacturers of paints
Industries painted and lacquered

It is mainly during cleaning equipment when waters that contain colorants, pigments, brinders, solvent products, as well as additive substance and cleaning chemicals are generated. Composition may vary widely as well as pollutant load.

Textile sector

Water is used intensely by textile industry. It used for cleaning raw material and for others cleaning steps during the production process. The wastewater produced must be clean of fats, oils, colors and other chemicals, which are used during the several stages of production.

The cleaning process depends on the type of waste water (not all plants apply the same production processes) and the amount of water used. Also, not all plants use the same chemical processes, especially companies with a special standard (environmental) try to clean the water used in all production processes. Thus the concepts of water treatment may differ from each other.

It is rather difficult to define an overall standard of quality for recycling water from the textile industry due to the different requirements of each fiber (silk, cotton, polyester, etc.), the different textile processes (eg scouring, dyeing, washing, etc.) and the different qualities required for the final fabric.

Metallurgical Sector, Industry Metalworking, Surface Treatment and Automotive

The water pollution is the most important environmental aspect of the activities of treatment and coating of metals. This type of pollution is mainly due to the process of emptying depleted process bathsor contaminated and the rinse of pieces between consecutive process baths, since reagents deposited on the pieces are drag to the bath.

Metal coating processes generate two mainly types of effluents:

- Discontinuous and highly concentrated effluents (high pollutant loads in relatively small volumes) from the emptying of depleted process baths.

- Continuous and diluted effluent (low pollution load in large flows of water) from the rinsing or washing of pieces between consecutive stages.

The most important pollutants to consider are dissolved metals and some chemicals, which can be toxic for aquatic life even at very low concentration levels.

Chemical and petrochemical industry

Chemical industry comprises a broad selection of companies that we can divide in two higher groups:

Chemical industry base: used basic commodities and they developed intermediate products that can be used as commodities too for others industries.Petro-chemical industry, intermediate products, Obtaining sulfuric acid, ammonia, etc., used by others industries.

Chemical processing industry: are intended to direct consume of people, used elaborated products for chemical industry base. Fine chemistry comprises a lot of specialized industries: drugs, fertilizers, pesticides, dyes, etc.

Water effluents constitute the principal environmental impact caused by chemicals plants.

The main sources of wastewater in chemical industry come from following processes: chemical synthesis, wastewater treatmentsystems, water conditioning supply,purge water systems of boilers, purge cooling circuits, backwash filters and ion exchangers, landfill leachate, rainwater from contaminated areas, etc.

Tanning industry

The process industry tanning involves subjecting the skins, received wet or dry salt state, treatment desalting, gaunt, soaked, limed, airy, fleshing, removal of lime wash and tanning chemical based on the use of chromium compounds.

In general, the pollutants carried by the waste water, are salts, manure and soil from dirty skins, dissolved organic matter from fat, hair, keratin, leftover meat, skin and dissolved proteins of animals, as well as remains of products as tanning, synthetic, fat, dyes used in tanning, in addition to mineral salts used in the conservation and tanning.

Currently, tanning industries should have a line of sewage treatment, which is based on three steps; homogenization of the flow rate dosing coagulants based on Ferric and flocculants chloride, primary to remove suspended solids settling and an important part of COD, followed by a biological treatment with subsequent secondary sedimentation, where the main part of contaminant is removed; COD and BOD5, ie dissolved or suspended organic matter.

Manufacture of tiles and other ceramic products (tiles, sanitary ware and tableware)

Water consume in ceramic sector (tile manufacturing, sanitary and tableware) is a very important environmental issue since water is an essential element that can have following functions:

Raw material in liquid glaze production and colors production.
Heat exchange vehicle in frittedoperations or engine cooling.
As washing facilitiesagent. Both in preparation of liquid glaze and in tile fabrication process, there are stages grinding and wet mixing which require washing after use.
In ceramic tile grinding, cutting and polishing processes.